个人叙事与集体记忆:口述史的多维建构//[Individual Narrative and Collective Memory :Sociological Construction of Oral History]

Oral history is not only an individual narrative of his own life, but also an effective way for us to understand the collective memory of a community. The process of oral history reflects the initiative of the narrative subject and is filled with many passive factors. Learning and emphasizing the initiative and passivity in the oral history research process, are helpful for researchers to deeply understand the memory,which can be retrievable, triggered and constructed. The triggered nature of memory reminds us that the actual oral history is not only the result of the macro construction of history and society, but also the result of the micro interaction between visitors and respondents. We must pay attention to the research process of oral history carrying the individual memory of community members in order to really have an insight into the collective memory of community members.
口述史是个体对自我生命历程的叙述,也是我们认识和理解群体或共同体集体记忆的有效途径。口述史的叙述过程既是叙事主体能动性的体现,同时也充满了诸多的被动性因素,认识和重视口述史研究过程中的能动性和被动性,将有助于研究者更好地理解记忆的检索性、被触发性和被建构性。而记忆的被触发性提示我们,现实的口述史不仅是历史与社会宏观建构的结果,也是访问者与亲历者微观互动的建构结果。研究中,必须重视承载共同体成员个体记忆的口述史研究过程,才能真正洞察共同体成员的集体记忆。