诠释学中的“前见”——以《真理与方法》为中心的分析//[An Analysis of the Concept of Prejudice in Hermeneutics]

The concept of prejudice（“Vorurteil”）in the Enlightenment was about the understanding of what has been written,while Heidegger's pre-understanding is about man who understands things.Gadamer surely cares both the prejudice of the interpreter who understands and that of texts as carriers of what has been passed on generation by generation in tradition.Gadamer is against the complete denial of prejudice in the Enlightenment.However,it does not mean that he is utterly for prejudice.In his opinion,prejudice could be divided into two:rational prejudice and irrational prejudice.Understanding could be possible only when both the interpreter and tradition are involved.His Horizon means to bring self-horizon into that of the writer.Such a horizon is a macro-horizon that emphasizes the fusion of the interpreter's horizon and that of the text.According to Gadamer,self-prejudice makes one's present horizon.One's prejudice results from both the present context and the influence of tradition.Likewise,the interpreter's context results from both the present context and the influence of tradition.
启蒙运动的前见概念强调书写物的前见,海德格尔的前理解注重的是理解者的前理解,而伽达默尔既强调理解者的前见,也关注历史文本作为传承物的意义。伽达默尔反对启蒙运动完全否定前见,但不是完全肯定前见的内容,而是把前见分为合理的前见和非合理的前见,主张理解者和传承物的相互作用构成理解。他的"视域说"重视把自身视域带入作者视域,共同形成大视域,强调理解者的视域与文本视域的融合。他认为自己的前见构成现在的视域,自己的前见中既有当下处境,也有传统的影响,故解释者的处境既有当下处境,也有传统的影响。