Yige yanjin de shixue lilun tixi: chang naide shixue lilun shuping

Abstract
Chang Naide (1898-1947) was a modern historian who contributed a systematic biological perspective of history. To Chang, history was a living organism and the product of generations of social and psychological accumulation. He believed that historical studies should serve contemporary needs, and emphasized theory over technical methods. Although Chang was a radical, contemporary historians can learn from his theories.